B.A.LL.B. (Hons.) Semester-VIII

MODERN WORLD HISTORY

This course has been designed to orient the students with political history of World in 18th and 19th century. It will enable students to understand the economic transition in Europe during the 18th and 19th Centuries. It will also enable student to understand the concept of socialism and the formation of nation states and to understand the political alliances and world war.

LAW OF TAXATION - INCOME TAX

Taxation, as an instrumentality of public finance, wields profound impact on the economy, trade, industry, individuals and society. It makes a critical study for law students in terms of jurisprudence, constitution, broader policy issues, and statute and business environment. Modern era assigns three prominent tasks to taxation: firstly, augmentation of revenue; secondly, redistribution of wealth in society and thirdly, regulatory measure to steer economic activity. Accordingly, this course aims to impart theoretical, practical, jurisprudential and constitutional underpinnings of the subject. In the process, the course seeks to adopt informational and analytical approach of study. It is expected that at the end of the course, students will emerge with strong foundational understanding of concepts, appreciate various policy issues involved and have an insight into practical and theoretical aspects of Taxation

THE CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

In the contemporary times of civilization, it has been globally accepted as a human value that a person accused of any offence should not be punished unless he has been given a fair trial and his guilt has been proved beyond reasonable doubt. The basic object of the Code of Criminal Procedure is to ensure a free and fair trial to every person accused of any crime. The concept of fair trial has a close relationship with the universally accepted Human Rights. In India, we have adopted the adversary system of criminal trial based on the accusatorial method. According to the adversary system any dispute as to the criminal responsibility of a person is to be resolved by the criminal court after giving a fair and reasonable opportunity to the disputants to place before the court their respective cases. The court is more or less like a referee and is expected not to take sides or to show any favor or disfavor to any party. It has only to decide as to which party has succeeded in proving its case according to law. This system of trial enables an impartial and competent court to have a correct perspective of the case and it is believed that on the whole the adversary system is a better device to discover the truth in a fair manner.

ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (CLINIC-III)

Alternative Dispute Resolution has become the primary means by which cases are resolved now days, especially commercial, business disputes. It has emerged as the preferred method for resolving civil cases, with litigation as a last resort. Alternative Dispute Resolution provides an overview of the statutory, procedural, and case law underlining these processes and their interplay with litigation. A significant theme is the evolving role of professional ethics for attorneys operating in non-adversarial settings. Clients and courts increasingly express a preference for attorneys who are skilled not only in litigation but in problem solving, which costs the clients less in terms of time, money and relationship. The law of ADR also provides an introduction to negotiation and mediation theory.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

This course provides students with an understanding of the international relations. Students will learn different theoretical perspectives on how various actors shape world politics and execute relations between nations. This course will prepare students for career as either career diplomat or international civil servant. This course will not only learn student what diplomats do, but also will prepare them to know how world politics governs.

Some very particular objectives the course are given below:

• To acquaint the students with the key concepts of international relations, security and global governance;
• To make them understand different theories of international relations;
• To analyse the place of diplomacy in the process of international legal norms and principles.
• To analyse the functioning of institutions of global governance, international regimes